[Three copies of the Labov, Kiparsky, and Guy readings are in the course box above the grad students' mailboxes in Bldg. 460 by the computer cluster. There's a copy of the required Lavandera reading in the Variation box on the same shelf.]


• William Labov. 1972. Is BEV a separate system?. In W. Labov, Language in the Inner City. Philadelphia: U. Penn Press. (Excerpts - Pp. 44-47)
• Paul Kiparsky. 1972. Explanation in Phonology. In Goals of Linguistic Theory, ed. by S. Peters (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. (Excerpts - Pp. 221-225).
• Guy, Gregory. 1991. Explanation in variable phonology: An exponential model of morphological constraints. Language Variation & Change 3(1): 1-22. (Excerpts - Pp. 1-11).
• Lavandera, Beatriz (1978). Where does the sociolinguistic variable stop?. Language in Society 7: 171-183
• Penelope Eckert. 2005. Variation, Convention, and Social Meaning. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America. Oakland, CA. (Excerpts: Pp. 16-24)

Supplementary Reading:

• Paul Kiparsky. 1993. An OT approach to phonological variation. Rutgers Optimality Workshop. Also presented at NWAVE 1994 (Stanford). Handout available HERE.
• Beatriz Lavandera. 197?. Buenos Aires Spanish: tense variation in Si-Clauses. Pennsylvania Working Papers on Linguistic Change and Variation. [There's a copy of this in the course box]
• Walt Wolfram. 1991. The Linguistic Variable: Fact and Fantasy. American Speech 66.1: 22-32.

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Last Updated: 11 April 2008