• (This analysis uses wh-traces:)
  Pollard, Carl, and Ivan A. Sag. 1994. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press and Stanford: CSLI Publications. Chapter 4: Unbounded Dependency Constructions (.pdf file)
  
• (This analysis doesn't use wh-traces:)
  Chaves, Rui. 2012. On the Grammar of Extraction and Coordination. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, (.pdf file)

Further Reading:

• Sag, Ivan A. 2010. English Filler-Gap Constructions. Language, Volume 86.3: 486-545. (.pdf file)

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Last Updated: 24 Feb 2012